Rows are periods
The seven rows each stand for one electron shell being filled. Move along a row and atoms get smaller and hold their electrons more tightly, because the growing nuclear charge pulls the same shell in closer.
Chemistry reference
Interactive periodic table of the elements
All 118 elements with atomic mass, electron configuration, melting points and more. Click a square for the full page, or colour the whole table by any property.
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Periodic table of the elements
Filter by group, period, block or categoryFilter elements
1234567891011121314151617181234567
1HHydrogenHydrogen, symbol H, atomic number 12HeHeliumHelium, symbol He, atomic number 23LiLithiumLithium, symbol Li, atomic number 34BeBerylliumBeryllium, symbol Be, atomic number 45BBoronBoron, symbol B, atomic number 56CCarbonCarbon, symbol C, atomic number 67NNitrogenNitrogen, symbol N, atomic number 78OOxygenOxygen, symbol O, atomic number 89FFluorineFluorine, symbol F, atomic number 910NeNeonNeon, symbol Ne, atomic number 1011NaSodiumSodium, symbol Na, atomic number 1112MgMagnesiumMagnesium, symbol Mg, atomic number 1213AlAluminiumAluminium, symbol Al, atomic number 1314SiSiliconSilicon, symbol Si, atomic number 1415PPhosphorusPhosphorus, symbol P, atomic number 1516SSulfurSulfur, symbol S, atomic number 1617ClChlorineChlorine, symbol Cl, atomic number 1718ArArgonArgon, symbol Ar, atomic number 1819KPotassiumPotassium, symbol K, atomic number 1920CaCalciumCalcium, symbol Ca, atomic number 2021ScScandiumScandium, symbol Sc, atomic number 2122TiTitaniumTitanium, symbol Ti, atomic number 2223VVanadiumVanadium, symbol V, atomic number 2324CrChromiumChromium, symbol Cr, atomic number 2425MnManganeseManganese, symbol Mn, atomic number 2526FeIronIron, symbol Fe, atomic number 2627CoCobaltCobalt, symbol Co, atomic number 2728NiNickelNickel, symbol Ni, atomic number 2829CuCopperCopper, symbol Cu, atomic number 2930ZnZincZinc, symbol Zn, atomic number 3031GaGalliumGallium, symbol Ga, atomic number 3132GeGermaniumGermanium, symbol Ge, atomic number 3233AsArsenicArsenic, symbol As, atomic number 3334SeSeleniumSelenium, symbol Se, atomic number 3435BrBromineBromine, symbol Br, atomic number 3536KrKryptonKrypton, symbol Kr, atomic number 3637RbRubidiumRubidium, symbol Rb, atomic number 3738SrStrontiumStrontium, symbol Sr, atomic number 3839YYttriumYttrium, symbol Y, atomic number 3940ZrZirconiumZirconium, symbol Zr, atomic number 4041NbNiobiumNiobium, symbol Nb, atomic number 4142MoMolybdenumMolybdenum, symbol Mo, atomic number 4243TcTechnetiumTechnetium, symbol Tc, atomic number 4344RuRutheniumRuthenium, symbol Ru, atomic number 4445RhRhodiumRhodium, symbol Rh, atomic number 4546PdPalladiumPalladium, symbol Pd, atomic number 4647AgSilverSilver, symbol Ag, atomic number 4748CdCadmiumCadmium, symbol Cd, atomic number 4849InIndiumIndium, symbol In, atomic number 4950SnTinTin, symbol Sn, atomic number 5051SbAntimonyAntimony, symbol Sb, atomic number 5152TeTelluriumTellurium, symbol Te, atomic number 5253IIodineIodine, symbol I, atomic number 5354XeXenonXenon, symbol Xe, atomic number 5455CsCesiumCesium, symbol Cs, atomic number 5556BaBariumBarium, symbol Ba, atomic number 5657LaLanthanumLanthanum, symbol La, atomic number 5758CeCeriumCerium, symbol Ce, atomic number 5859PrPraseodymiumPraseodymium, symbol Pr, atomic number 5960NdNeodymiumNeodymium, symbol Nd, atomic number 6061PmPromethiumPromethium, symbol Pm, atomic number 6162SmSamariumSamarium, symbol Sm, atomic number 6263EuEuropiumEuropium, symbol Eu, atomic number 6364GdGadoliniumGadolinium, symbol Gd, atomic number 6465TbTerbiumTerbium, symbol Tb, atomic number 6566DyDysprosiumDysprosium, symbol Dy, atomic number 6667HoHolmiumHolmium, symbol Ho, atomic number 6768ErErbiumErbium, symbol Er, atomic number 6869TmThuliumThulium, symbol Tm, atomic number 6970YbYtterbiumYtterbium, symbol Yb, atomic number 7071LuLutetiumLutetium, symbol Lu, atomic number 7172HfHafniumHafnium, symbol Hf, atomic number 7273TaTantalumTantalum, symbol Ta, atomic number 7374WTungstenTungsten, symbol W, atomic number 7475ReRheniumRhenium, symbol Re, atomic number 7576OsOsmiumOsmium, symbol Os, atomic number 7677IrIridiumIridium, symbol Ir, atomic number 7778PtPlatinumPlatinum, symbol Pt, atomic number 7879AuGoldGold, symbol Au, atomic number 7980HgMercuryMercury, symbol Hg, atomic number 8081TlThalliumThallium, symbol Tl, atomic number 8182PbLeadLead, symbol Pb, atomic number 8283BiBismuthBismuth, symbol Bi, atomic number 8384PoPoloniumPolonium, symbol Po, atomic number 8485AtAstatineAstatine, symbol At, atomic number 8586RnRadonRadon, symbol Rn, atomic number 8687FrFranciumFrancium, symbol Fr, atomic number 8788RaRadiumRadium, symbol Ra, atomic number 8889AcActiniumActinium, symbol Ac, atomic number 8990ThThoriumThorium, symbol Th, atomic number 9091PaProtactiniumProtactinium, symbol Pa, atomic number 9192UUraniumUranium, symbol U, atomic number 9293NpNeptuniumNeptunium, symbol Np, atomic number 9394PuPlutoniumPlutonium, symbol Pu, atomic number 9495AmAmericiumAmericium, symbol Am, atomic number 9596CmCuriumCurium, symbol Cm, atomic number 9697BkBerkeliumBerkelium, symbol Bk, atomic number 9798CfCaliforniumCalifornium, symbol Cf, atomic number 9899EsEinsteiniumEinsteinium, symbol Es, atomic number 99100FmFermiumFermium, symbol Fm, atomic number 100101MdMendeleviumMendelevium, symbol Md, atomic number 101102NoNobeliumNobelium, symbol No, atomic number 102103LrLawrenciumLawrencium, symbol Lr, atomic number 103104RfRutherfordiumRutherfordium, symbol Rf, atomic number 104105DbDubniumDubnium, symbol Db, atomic number 105106SgSeaborgiumSeaborgium, symbol Sg, atomic number 106107BhBohriumBohrium, symbol Bh, atomic number 107108HsHassiumHassium, symbol Hs, atomic number 108109MtMeitneriumMeitnerium, symbol Mt, atomic number 109110DsDarmstadtiumDarmstadtium, symbol Ds, atomic number 110111RgRoentgeniumRoentgenium, symbol Rg, atomic number 111112CnCoperniciumCopernicium, symbol Cn, atomic number 112113NhNihoniumNihonium, symbol Nh, atomic number 113114FlFleroviumFlerovium, symbol Fl, atomic number 114115McMoscoviumMoscovium, symbol Mc, atomic number 115116LvLivermoriumLivermorium, symbol Lv, atomic number 116117TsTennessineTennessine, symbol Ts, atomic number 117118OgOganessonOganesson, symbol Og, atomic number 118
118
elements, free to use
Point at any square for a quick look, or click through for the full page.
Colour the table by
All 118
- Alkali Metal
- Alkaline Earth Metal
- Transition Metal
- Post-Transition Metal
- Metalloid
- Diatomic Non-Metal
- Polyatomic Non-Metal
- Noble Gas
- Lanthanide
- Actinide
The coloured line on top of each square marks its family. Pick a scheme above to fill the squares in.
- Alkali Metal
- Alkaline Earth Metal
- Transition Metal
- Post-Transition Metal
- Metalloid
- Diatomic Non-Metal
- Polyatomic Non-Metal
- Noble Gas
- Lanthanide
- Actinide
The ten families chemists group the elements into, plus a slot for the handful of superheavy elements whose chemistry is still an open question.
- s-block Outermost electrons fill an s orbital.
- p-block Outermost electrons fill a p orbital.
- d-block Outermost electrons fill a d orbital.
- f-block Outermost electrons fill an f orbital.
Blocks name the outermost orbital an element fills, which is why the shape of the table follows them so closely.
- Solid at room temperature
- Liquid at room temperature
- Gas at room temperature
Measured at 25 degrees Celsius. Only bromine and mercury are liquid, and eleven elements are gases. For the heaviest synthetic ones the state is a prediction, since too few atoms have ever existed to look at.
- Radioactive, with no stable isotope
- Has at least one stable isotope
Everything from polonium upward is radioactive, and so are the two gaps lower down the table at technetium and promethium.
LowHigh
Hatched squares have no published measurement, so they are left blank rather than set to zero.
How it works
Reading the periodic table
Columns are groups
The eighteen columns gather elements with the same number of outer electrons, which is why sodium and potassium both fizz in water and why the noble gases in the last column mostly refuse to react with anything.
Blocks are orbitals
The s, p, d and f labels say which type of orbital the outermost electrons sit in. That is the reason for the table's odd shape, including the two rows of lanthanides and actinides usually printed underneath.
118
confirmed elements, from hydrogen to oganesson
94
of them occur naturally somewhere on Earth
2
are liquid at room temperature: bromine and mercury
1869
the year Mendeleev published his version of the table
Browse
Start with an element
Every element has its own page with the full set of measured properties, a shell diagram, and bars showing where it sits against the other 117.
- Hydrogen
- Helium
- Carbon
- Nitrogen
- Oxygen
- Sodium
- Aluminium
- Silicon
- Sulfur
- Chlorine
- Potassium
- Calcium
- Iron
- Copper
- Zinc
- Silver
- Tin
- Iodine
- Gold
- Mercury
- Lead
- Uranium
Families of elements
Questions
Periodic table questions people ask
What is the periodic table?
The periodic table is a chart of all the known chemical elements, arranged in order of atomic number, which is the number of protons in one atom of that element. Reading left to right and top to bottom takes you from hydrogen at number 1 through to oganesson at number 118. Elements in the same vertical column behave in similar ways because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
How many elements are on the periodic table?
There are 118 confirmed elements. Ninety-four of them occur naturally on Earth, at least in trace amounts, and the remaining twenty-four have only ever been made in particle accelerators. The last four to be named were nihonium, moscovium, tennessine and oganesson, all added in 2016.
Who invented the periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev published the version the modern table grew out of in 1869. Several chemists had spotted the repeating pattern before him, but Mendeleev was the one who left gaps for elements nobody had found yet and predicted their properties. Gallium, scandium and germanium turned up later and matched his predictions closely, which is what convinced everyone else.
What do the rows and columns mean?
The seven horizontal rows are called periods, and each one corresponds to an electron shell being filled. The eighteen vertical columns are called groups, and elements sharing a group share a valence electron count, so they react in similar ways. Group 1 holds the reactive alkali metals, group 17 the halogens, and group 18 the noble gases that barely react at all.
What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass?
Atomic number counts the protons in the nucleus and never changes for a given element. Atomic mass is the average weight of that element’s atoms, measured in unified atomic mass units, and it accounts for the mix of isotopes found in nature. Carbon has atomic number 6 and atomic mass 12.011, because most carbon is carbon-12 but a small fraction is heavier.
Is this periodic table free to use?
Yes. Every element page, every trend chart and every game on this site is free, with no account, no sign up, no trial and no subscription. Nothing is held back behind a paywall and you do not need to give an email address to use any of it.
Does it work on a phone or tablet?
It does. The table scrolls sideways on a narrow screen so the squares stay big enough to tap, and every element page is built to read comfortably on a phone. There is no app to install.
Can I use this table in a classroom or in my homework?
Please do. The site is free for students and teachers, works on a school network without a login, and each element page lists the data it uses so a value can be checked against its source. Printing a page from the browser gives a clean copy without the navigation.
Practise
Reading the table is one thing. Recalling it is another.
Three free games for learning the periodic table properly. Nothing to sign up for, and your scores stay on your own device.
Daily
Element of the day
Wordle, with an element as the answer. Six guesses, and every wrong one narrows the group, period, block and atomic number until only one is left.
PlayTimed
Symbol sprint
Sixty seconds of symbols and names. The quickest way to find out which ones you actually know.
PlaySpatial
Find the element
Given a name, click its square on a blank table. The layout is the part exams test, so it is the part worth drilling.
Play